So you can't know how the words are going to come out, but you can take good guesses. (SOUNDBITE OF TV SHOW, "PARKS AND RECREATION"). And he started by asking Russian-speaking students to personify days of the week. We'd say, oh, well, we don't have magnets in our beaks or in our scales or whatever. We're speaking today with cognitive science professor Lera Boroditsky about language. But what happens when these feelings catch up with us? UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #8: (Speaking Italian). So when I ask you to, say, imagine a man walking down the street, well, in your imagery, you're going to have some details completed and some will be left out. How to Foster Perceived Partner Responsiveness: High-Quality LIstening is Key, by Guy Itzchakov, Harry Reis, and Netta Weinstein, Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 2021. So we did an analysis of images in Artstor. It's natural to want to run away from difficult emotions such as grief, anger and fear. And it sounds a little bit abrupt and grabby like you're going to get something instead of being given. I'm Shankar Vedantam. Transcript The transcript below may be for an earlier version of this episode. Hidden Brain: You, But Better on Apple Podcasts UNIDENTIFIED WOMAN #1: (Speaking foreign language). It Takes Two: The Interpersonal Nature of Empathic Accuracy, What Do You Do When Things Go Right? No matter how hard you try to feel happier, you end up back where you started. Our team includes Laura Kwerel, Adhiti Bandlamudi and our supervising producer Tara Boyle. If you're studying a new language, you might discover these phrases not in your textbooks but when you're hanging out with friends. And to arrive in a new place where you can't tell a joke and can't express an idea - oh, it's just really painful because you feel like your whole self is hiding inside and no one can see it. We love the idea of Hidden Brain helping to spark discussions in your community. Whats going on here? Transcript Podcast: Subscribe to the Hidden Brain Podcast on your favorite podcast player so you never miss an episode. The fact is that language change can always go in one of many directions, there's a chance element to it. Because were a small team, we dont have a publicly-available list of every piece of music that we use. Sociologist Lisa Wade believes the pervasive hookup culture on campuses today is different from that faced by previous generations. That kind of detail may not appear. But as Bob Cialdini set out to discover the keys to influence and persuasion, he decided to follow the instincts of his childhood. It's inherent. this is hidden brain I'm Shankar Vedantam in the classic TV series Star Trek Mister Spock has a foolproof technique for accurately reading the thoughts and feelings of others the Vulcan mind I am Spock you James our minds are moving closer most most here are kind of hard we have new technology that gives us direct access to the minds of others so So one possibility for bilinguals would be that they just have two different minds inside - right? It's never going to. Maybe they like the same kinds of food, or enjoy the same hobbies. Hidden Brain - Transcripts I'm Shankar Vedantam, and you're listening to HIDDEN BRAIN. Trusted by 5,200 companies and developers. I'm Shankar Vedantam. Hidden Brain: You 2.0: Cultivating Your Purpose on Apple Podcasts VEDANTAM: It took just one week of living in Japan for Jennifer to pick up an important, VEDANTAM: There isn't a straightforward translation of this phrase in English. You can find the transcript for most episodes of Hidden Brain on our website. We'll be back momentarily. How do you balance the imperative of teaching correct usage? UNIDENTIFIED MAN #1: (Speaking foreign language). Today in our Happiness 2.0 series, we revisit a favorite episode from 2020. And all of a sudden, I noticed that there was a new window that had popped up in my mind, and it was like a little bird's-eye view of the landscape that I was walking through, and I was a little red dot that was moving across the landscape. If you're studying a new language, you might discover these phrases not. VEDANTAM: There are phrases in every language that are deeply evocative and often, untranslatable. But if they were sitting facing north, they would lay out the story from right to left. And I thought, wow, first of all, it would be almost impossible to have a conversation like that in English where you hadn't already revealed the gender of the person because you have to use he or she. Only a couple hundred languages - or if you want to be conservative about it, a hundred languages - are written in any real way and then there are 6,800 others. If a transcript is available, youll see a Transcript button which expands to reveal the full transcript. Personal Strivings: An Approach to Personality and Subjective Well-being, by Robert A. Emmons, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1986. In the United States, we often praise people with strong convictions, and look down on those who express doubt or hesitation. You know, lots of people blow off steam about something they think is wrong, but very few people are willing to get involved and do something about it. Purpose can also boost our health and longevity. UNIDENTIFIED WOMAN #3: (Speaking foreign language). In this month's Radio Replay, we ask whether the structure of the languages we speak can change the way we see the world. VEDANTAM: One of the things I found really interesting is that the evolution of words and language is constant. But what most people mean is that there'll be slang, that there'll be new words for new things and that some of those words will probably come from other languages. And the way you speak right is not by speaking the way that people around you in your life speak, but by speaking the way the language is as it sits there all nice and pretty on that piece of paper where its reality exists. So I think that nobody would say that they don't think language should change. Each language comprises the ideas that have been worked out in a culture over thousands of generations, and that is an incredible amount of cultural heritage and complexity of thought that disappears whenever a language dies. This takes kids a little while to figure out, and he had all kinds of clever ways to ask these questions. And, of course, you always have to wonder, well, could it be that speakers of these different languages are actually seeing different kinds of bridges? Language is something that's spoken, and spoken language especially always keeps changing. And they said, well, of course. He's a defender of language on the move, but I wanted to know if there were things that irritated even him. What Do You Do When Things Go Right? So we've done a lot of studies looking at how speakers of Spanish and German and Russian actually think about objects that have opposite grammatical genders. You couldn't have predicted this I know-uh move-uh (ph). In this favorite 2021 episode, psychologist Adam Grant pushes back against the benefits of certainty, and describes the magic that unfolds when we challenge our own deeply-held beliefs. Rightly Crossing the Rubicon: Evaluating Goal Self-Concordance Prior to Selection Helps People Choose More Intrinsic Goals, by Kennon M. Sheldon, Mike Prentice, and Evgeny Osin, Journal of Research in Personality, 2019. And what we find is that if you teach people that forks go with men grammatically in a language, they start to think of forks as being more masculine. This week, in the second installment of our Happiness 2.0 series, psychologist Todd Kashdan looks at the relationship between distress and happiness, and ho, Many of us believe that hard work and persistence are the key to achieving our goals. VEDANTAM: My guest today is - well, why don't I let her introduce herself? VEDANTAM: So I want to talk about a debate that's raged in your field for many years. They shape our place in it. VEDANTAM: Still don't have a clear picture? Of course, eventually, the Finnish kids also figured it out because language isn't the only source of that information, otherwise it would be quite surprising for the Finns to be able to continue to reproduce themselves. She once visited an aboriginal community in northern Australia and found the language they spoke forced her mind to work in new ways. What turns out to be the case is that it's something in between - that bilinguals don't really turn off the languages they're not using when they're not using them. Growing up, I understood this word to mean for a very short time, as in John McWhorter was momentarily surprised. The transcript below may be for an earlier version of this episode. But also, I started wondering, is it possible that my friend here was imagining a person without a gender for this whole time that we've been talking about them, right? This is NPR. Psychologist Ken Sheldon studies the science of figuring out what you want. VEDANTAM: If you're bilingual or you're learning a new language, you get what Jennifer, experienced - the joy of discovering a phrase that helps you perfectly encapsulate a. feeling or an experience. It seems kind of elliptical, like, would it be possible that I obtained? How come you aren't exactly the way you were 10 years ago? There are many scholars who would say, look, yes, you do see small differences between speakers of different languages, but these differences are not really significant; they're really small. Now, many people hear that and they think, well, that's no good because now literally can mean its opposite. Hidden Brain - You 2.0: Cultivating Your Purpose Hidden Brain Aug 2, 2021 You 2.0: Cultivating Your Purpose Play 51 min playlist_add Having a sense of purpose can be a buffer against the. But what if it's not even about lust? They often feel angry about it, and you think this anger is actually telling. GEACONE-CRUZ: It's this phrase that describes something between I can't be bothered or I don't want to do it or I recognize the incredible effort that goes into something, even though it shouldn't be so much of an effort. So even if I'm speaking English, the distinctions that I've learned in speaking Russian, for example, are still active in my mind to some extent, but they're more active if I'm actually speaking Russian. It should just be, here is the natural way, then there's some things that you're supposed to do in public because that's the way it is, whether it's fair or not. So it's mendokusai. They're supposed to be painting something very personal. But I understand that in Spanish, this would come out quite differently. BORODITSKY: Yeah. Toward Understanding Understanding:The Importance of Feeling Understood in Relationships, by Harry Reis, Edward P. Lemay Jr, and Catrin Finkenauer, Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 2017. Perceived Responses to Capitalization Attempts are Influenced by Self-Esteem and Relationship Threat, by Shannon M. Smith & Harry Reis, Personal Relationships, 2012. Parents and peers influence our major life choices. Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships. Hidden Brain - Google Podcasts And I can't help surmising that part of it is that the educated American has been taught and often well that you're not supposed to look down on people because of gender, because of race, because of ability. You can find the transcript for most episodes of Hidden Brain on our website. And if the word bridge is masculine in your language, you're more likely to say that bridges are strong and long and towering - these kind of more stereotypically masculine words. GEACONE-CRUZ: It's a Sunday afternoon, and it's raining outside. But she told me a story about a conversation she had with a native speaker of Indonesian. If you're a monolingual speaker of one of these languages, you're very likely to say that the word chair is masculine because chairs are, in fact, masculine, right?
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